وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ ﴿۱۲﴾ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ ﴿۱۳﴾ وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ ﴿۱۴﴾

﴾12﴿ Wa lakum nisfu maa taraka azwaajukum il lam yakul lahunna walad; fa in kaana lahunna waladun falakumur rub'u mimmaa tarakna mim ba'di wasiyyatiny yooseena bihaaa aw dayn; wa lahunnar rubu'u mimmaa taraktum il lam yakul lakum walad; fa in kaana lakum waladun falahunnas sumunu mimmaa taraktum; mim ba'di wasiyyatin toosoona bihaaa aw dayn; wa in kaana rajuluny yoorasu kalaalatan awim ra atunw wa lahooo akhun aw ukhtun falikulli waahidim minhumas sudus; fa in kaanooo aksara min zaalika fahum shurakaaa'u fissulus; mim ba'di wasiyyatiny yoosaa bihaaa aw dainin ghaira mudaaarr; wasiyyatam minal laah; wallaahu 'Aleemun Haleem
﴾13﴿ Tilka hudoodul laah; wa mai yuti'il laaha wa Rasoolahoo yudkhilhu Jannaatin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru khaalideena feehaa; wa zaalikal fawzul 'azeem
﴾14﴿ Wa mai ya'sil laaha wa Rasoolahoo wa yata'adda hudoodahoo yudkhilhu Naaran khaalidan feehaa wa lahoo 'azaabum muheen

﴾12﴿ And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child, then for you is a quarter of what they leave, after fulfilling any bequest they may have made and payment of debts. And for the women is a quarter of what you leave if you have no child. But if you have a child, then for them is one-eighth of what you leave, after fulfilling any bequest you may have made and payment of debts. And if a man or a woman leaves neither descendants nor ascendants (kalalah) but has a (maternal) brother or sister, then for each one is a sixth; but if they are more than that, they share a third, after fulfilling any bequest that has been made and payment of debts—without causing harm (to the heirs). This is an ordinance from Allah, and Allah is All-Knowing, Forbearing.
﴾13﴿ These (rulings) are the limits set by Allah, and whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger—Allah will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, where they will abide forever. And that is the great success.
﴾14﴿ And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits—He will cast him into the Fire, to abide therein forever. And he will have a humiliating punishment.

[12] In this verse, there are four rulings related to inheritance through marriage (i.e., the wife’s estate for the husband), and five rulings related to kalalah (those who have neither parents nor children as heirs). (كَلَالَةً) refers to a person who has neither a father nor paternal grandfather nor male descendants—he is cut off from both sides, hence the term kalalah. (أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ) — brothers and sisters are of three types: (1) those who share both the same father and mother (known as “ʿayānī” siblings), (2) those who share only the same father but have different mothers (“ʿalātī” siblings), and (3) those who share only the same mother but have different fathers (“ikhyāfī” siblings). In this verse, the meaning is the maternal siblings (ikhyāfī), as Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud (may Allah be pleased with him) testified. This is because their relation is only through the mother, and they are mentioned together with inheritance through marriage. In this inheritance, the shares for men and women are equal. (غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ) means that a bequest should not exceed a third of the estate, and similarly, if the heirs are strangers, the testator should not make a bequest in a way that harms them—this is why it is called causing harm.
[13] To emphasize the rulings on inheritance, glad tidings are given for those who accept them, and a warning of punishment in the Hereafter is mentioned for those who do not. Allah’s rulings are called “limits” (hudud) because any addition or subtraction is prohibited—adding is an innovation (bid‘ah), and subtracting is a sin (fisq). (وَرَسُولَهُ) here points out that the rest of the rulings on inheritance must be derived from the hadiths.
[14] This verse concerns those who deny the rulings of inheritance, and such a denier is considered a disbeliever (kafir). It is a warning of punishment in the Hereafter, which is why eternal punishment in Hell is mentioned. However, one who merely prevents the distribution of inheritance is sinful, committing a major sin, but is not a disbeliever.